Monday, December 1, 2014

Advent Homecoming

stained glass windows at St. James Episcopal Church, San Francisco


“Comfort, O comfort my people, says your God. Speak tenderly to Jerusalem, and cry to her that she has served her term, that her penalty is paid, that she has received from the Lord’s hand double for all her sins. A voice cries out: “In the wilderness prepare the way of the Lord, make straight in the desert a highway for our God. Every valley shall be lifted up, and every mountain shall be made low; the uneven ground shall become level, and the rough places plain. Then the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all people shall see it together, for the mouth of the Lord has spoken.” (Isaiah 40:1-5)
Isaiah speaks these words of comfort to a people suffering in exile in Babylon, longing to return home to Israel. They were bereft of hope, their Temple in ruins, certain that God was punishing them for their sins, when along comes the prophet to proclaim forgiveness and a vision of homecoming. This is good news indeed! Then, in 539 the Persian King, Cyrus, conquered Babylon and a year later declared that the exiled Jews were free to return home and rebuild their Temple.
Baruch appropriated this vision of homecoming more than three hundred years later, after the return of the exiles to Israel and the rebuilding of the Temple. Even when we are “home” we can feel alienated and unsafe.  Israel was home again, but now under the rule of a Syrian king, Antiochus, who profaned the Temple and executed Jews who refused to forsake their religion.  When home becomes an occupied territory, when one’s culture and identity is being suppressed, it doesn’t feel much like home anymore.

Thus, the promise of homecoming must be renewed: “Take off the garment of your sorrow and affliction, O Jerusalem, and put on forever the beauty of the glory of God . . . For God will lead Israel with joy, in the light of his glory, with the mercy and justice that come from him.” (Baruch 5:1, 9)  This promise was fulfilled, in part, by the Maccabean revolt against Syria that restored the Temple and re-established Judean independence.
Then, along came the Roman Empire. Judea and all of Palestine became an occupied territory again, leading to further revolts in opposition to Roman oppression. Some two hundred years after Baruch’s writing the Temple was destroyed again; Jerusalem became a wasteland. Many Jews went into exile again, fleeing their homeland.
Not long afterward, Luke’s Gospel appeared conveying the message of yet another prophet, John the Baptizer, who once again appropriates Isaiah’s promise of homecoming for his own time and place. John gathered a new community that was preparing for the renewal of Israel. God would once again make a way for the return of the exiles, a true homecoming in which all flesh shall see the salvation of God.
Do you see a pattern here? Exile and return, occupation and liberation, alienation and homecoming: this seems to be the way of the world. It isn’t merely a long ago and far away story. It is our story. It is the story of millions of refugees around the world: Palestinians, Sudanese, Syrians, Iraqis, and Afghanis, fleeing occupied territories they long to reclaim as home. It is the story of brave U.S. servicemen and women serving abroad in a tragic exile not of their own choosing. It is past time for them to come home.  It is the story of Central Americans fleeing across our borders, many of them children, hoping to build a new home here free from destitution and violence. 
It is the story of people living with disabilities, struggling to feel at home again in their own bodies.  It is the story of people caring for loved ones with dementia: exiled to a forgetfulness that can leave them feeling lost, while their loved ones grieve the sense of home they once shared.  For many of our neighbors, exile and the fear of exile has to do with rising housing costs and the threat of eviction.  Their sense of “home” in San Francisco feels tenuous at best.  “Home” can also be a relationship that is no longer viable, with divorce feeling like a kind of exile from what was at least familiar, even if it wasn’t always happy.
We are all characters in the story of exile and return. Sometimes the home for which we long is a place on a map; sometimes we find ourselves exiled from the landscape of our own heart. Too often, we live in exile from both. We long to come home to our people, to our family, to our self. Even more, we long to come home to God, in whom we find our true and lasting rest.
Thus, we find ourselves here again in the season of Advent, listening to the voice of one crying in the wilderness: “O God, make a way for us to come home again. Let us, all of us, see your salvation. We’re tired of wrapping ourselves in threadbare garments of sorrow and affliction. Dress us instead in the beauty of your presence, in the warmth of your peace and justice, in the splendor of your compassion and forgiveness. Please, please, dear God, bring us home again.”
This Advent Season, I invite you to reflect on your own experience of exile and return. In what sense are you grieving a lost sense of “home?”  What does “homecoming” look like for you?  How can we find our home in God together at St. James?

Wednesday, November 26, 2014

Inherit the Kingdom


This morning I want to take a step back from the particulars of the Gospel lesson, the parable of the sheep and the goats, and observe what I take to be the narrative arc of the set of parables in Matthew 25 that conclude Jesus’ public teaching before his arrest and execution.  Recall that with these parables, Jesus is describing what the kingdom of heaven will be like, and the signs of its appearing. 

Parables take ordinary experiences – wedding parties, investment practices, the work of farm hands – and weave from them stories with a surprising twist.  These stories blow our minds, stretch our imaginations, and inspire a new vision of the world.   They are meant to be provocative and challenging, so if we find the parables a little bit offensive then they are doing their job!

These parables in Matthew’s Gospel operate in the future tense:  “Then the kingdom of heaven will be like this . . . When the Son of Man comes in his glory.”  I wonder if these visions of the future are not meant to serve as a mirror in which we can seem more clearly where we are here and now.

Their purpose, then, is not to predict the future, but rather to illuminate the present.  The parables are not predictions of an unchangeable fate.  They offer the gift of awareness that allows us to make choices about our lives, and to judge how well they conform to the vision of the kingdom of heaven. 

The parables serve as a warning and an invitation to move more deeply into that vision.  Taken together, they seem to me to evoke a three-step movement of awakening, resistance, and renewal.  The parable of the bridesmaids is about waking-up and recognizing that there is a party going on to which we are invited – it is time to wake-up and get our joy on – we don’t want to miss out on the party!  The kingdom of heaven is like a joyful wedding banquet and the bridegroom is coming to bring us to the party.

The parable of the talents (or bars of gold) is about recognizing that the joy of the kingdom of heaven is not the same as the master’s joy.  When we wake-up to the reality of the kingdom of heaven, we begin to recognize that the cultural script we’ve internalized and the joy it promises are false.  It is a story of resistance, refusing to be complicit with a culture in which “the rich get richer and the poor get poorer.” 

This second step can be painful.  It isn’t easy to acknowledge the dynamics of privilege and exploitation in the world.  It isn’t easy to allow our glimpse of the kingdom of heaven to bring human and earth suffering into even bolder relief.  How do we respond to this dual awareness?  Do we ignore one or the other, refuse to acknowledge suffering or else become immobilized by it?  If we refuse the part we’ve been assigned in the cultural script, what does resistance look like? 

This brings us to the parable of the sheep and the goats that we heard today.  I read this parable as a story of renewal.  For me, the key line is:  “Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.”[1]  Do you remember who the “blessed” are in Matthew’s Gospel:  the poor in spirit, those who mourn, the meek, those who hunger and thirst for justice, the merciful, the pure in heart, the peacemakers, those willing to suffer in the struggle for justice.[2]  Theirs is the kingdom. 

This is not your grandparent’s judgment scene.  It doesn’t follow the cultural script.  Those who inherit the joy that God has intended for the whole creation are not the usual suspects.  They aren’t successful by the standards of our culture.  They do not exercise coercive power, or accumulate great wealth, or bask in the adulation of the famous.  Such joy as is derived from these things is fleeting.  It doesn’t last. 

True joy comes from participation in the renewal of the world: brining the creation to its fulfillment as intended by God since the beginning.  It comes from feeding the hungry; making clean water available to those who thirst; welcoming strangers rather than deporting them; clothing the naked rather than exploiting their vulnerability; caring for the sick rather than turning health into a commodity; forming relationships with prisoners rather than treating them as pariahs. 

This is not an exhaustive list.  It is not a series of boxes to check off so that you, too, can enter the kingdom of heaven.   There is nothing transactional about the relationships or the work of renewal about which Jesus speaks.  It isn’t a means to an end.  It is the kingdom of heaven.  The joy of the kingdom is its enactment in our everyday life, in the common life we share.  It is found here and now in the common good and in our common wealth.  

Notice that the crucial work of renewal hinges on our collective response to the victims of our cultural script.  We resist that script through solidarity with victims, refusing to render them invisible, and we renew the world through compassionate service.   The response to Jesus isn’t “when did I see you hungry, or thirsty, or naked, or in prison,” but rather “when did we see you hungry, or thirsty, or naked, or in prison.”[3]  World renewal is the work of a movement that Jesus inaugurated and continues to energize through his life-giving Spirit. 

What is striking to me is that the blessed don’t even realize that they are serving Christ as they engage in the work of renewal.   Again, they aren’t trying to achieve some spiritual reward; trying to assuage some hard-to-please deity.  They have simply woken-up, resisted the culture of death, and discovered the joy of the work of renewal.   It only occurs to them later, “Oh, this is what Jesus meant!” 

As James Alison points out, “the judgment is defined not in terms of belonging to this or that group, or believing this or that dogma.  The judgment is presented in terms of the human relationships towards victims.  Those who hunger, thirst, are naked, sick, or imprisoned.  Those who have understood, whether or not they know anything about Jesus, are those who have seen their way out of the self-deception of the world which is blind to its victims, and have reached out to help them.”[4]

At the same time, the parable of the goats and sheep subverts a too-easy assumption that our movement is the sheep, while those other guys are the goats.  As a parabolic mirror reflecting reality as-it-is-now to us, the story of the sheep and the goats has a disturbing realism about it.  If we look deeply into this mirror, we see that it reminds us that we quickly forget by whom we are judged.

It is Jesus the Victim who is our judge, the victim raised up by God; but God vindicates Jesus as the Forgiving Victim.  His resurrection always takes the form of forgiveness.  It is the end of victimization, whereas the Judge as King of the parable re-inscribes victimization on a cosmic and eternal level.  There is a terrible irony in our celebration of Christ as King – if by Kingship we mean one whose presence with us takes the form of condemnation.   As soon as we forget by whom we are judged, we become goats ourselves and perpetuate the cycle of violent exclusion, reenacting the cultural script we claim to resist.

Each time we make a new scapegoat, a new victim to condemn and cast out – we reveal the extent to which we are not sheep at all.  The true sheep at the cosmic judgment will plead mercy for the goats – all of them.  And so it must be for us in the judgment that shapes our daily lives.  Only in this way, it seems to me, can the work of renewal really be about the whole world.  No goat gets left behind! 

And yet, the here and now quality of the parable suggests that in each moment we are choosing eternal death or eternal life.  Our decisions have consequences, so Wake-up!  Resist!  Find your joy in the work of renewal!  Not as one more damn thing to have to do, but as the point of doing anything at all!  Enter fully and freely into the dynamic of offering and receiving the compassionate care we all need if life is to flourish; sometimes, we are the ones who are hungry, or sick, or a stranger.  

“Come, you that are blessed by my Father, inherit the kingdom prepared for you from the foundation of the world.”  Do it now.




[1] Matthew 25:34.
[2] Matthew 5:1-12.
[3] Matthew 25:37-39.
[4] James Alison, Knowing Jesus, pp. 42-43.